Recent Advances in Biomarker Research for Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical Utility, Progress, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers have undergone a transformative shift from invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and expensive imaging to accessible blood-based assays. This paper synthesizes recent findings from community-based cohorts, clinical trial registries, and primary care studies to evaluate the progress of biomarker research. Key markers such as phosphorylated tau (p-tau) isoforms, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) demonstrate high prognostic and diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, we examine the critical issue of racial and ethnic disparities in AD progression, biomarker expression, and treatment access, with a specific focus on recent breakthroughs in Asian populations. While blood biomarkers show promise for universal application, significant gaps remain in ensuring equitable diagnosis and care acro...
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